Hello CapnCrane,
2) I can only repeat that your version of Fairmount Sherpa and ToisaAnerxartiti is flawed, so that I cannot do anything about it but to check the files. My guess is that another file was broken, the missing foremast being a clear indication.
5) Yes, that is indeed possible, but I don't think so, as the Visual Studio redist concern all ships, and apparently your DirectX is now correctly installed. Eventually once more, a missed/confused copy of the ship folder.
Edition
The moderators and developer have a rather extended editor, no mystery about that, alas still slightly bugged, rather complex and protected by an NDA. We are all volunteers, know SS2008 and SSE rather well and can help when needed, but there is not much that Vstep will do to change anything to the existing games, be it only the possible introduction of bugs in a complex construction. Not much means zero.
The only possibilities to change/mod something have been given up to now extensively in this forum, especially like you know well in theCommunity Development board. It concerns camera viewpoints, and some other uncompiled files and such modifications are mostly unwanted because of the eventuality of interfering with the multiplayer game.
Your suggestions about the up to now ten changes to Phaedrus can partially solved by you, i.e. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 points, which concern the cameras. As I already explained somewhere else, the camera part of the editor is bugged, and it is just the same to manually edit the Phaedrus.cam file, knowing that the origin position of the lights, is at some arbitrary position -but exactly- on the transverse axis, 15.10 meter lower and 21.00 meter more to the stern than the first >Helmsman< position.
Bow splashes (2) and lights (7, 8, 9) remain compiled/crypted, I'll see what I can do, not much about the bow splashes, I can but don't know how it works, they were prepared by the very patient Johan. Same goes for the lights and the console ont he bridge roof, but I already modified some lights, so it should be ok if Johan doesn't show up (hello, Johan, alles OK?).
Have fun with tweaking cameras,
Luc